6. Extrinsic Factors for Learning: from a Perspective of Patient Safety Education / 医学教育

The “problems” of the “problem” learner are not only those intrinsic to the learner, but also those extrinsic to the educator and the system. This paper focuses on patient safety education as an example of where these extrinsic problems are manifested. Patient safety management in the last two decades has been mainly a means to improve the system by analyzing failed incidents in a no-blame manner, but there is also an emphasis on balancing the accountability of the person involved, thus the importance of education is increasing. However, there are barriers to motivating individuals to learn from their failures. The “problem” in patient safety education may be overcome by assuring psychological safety, giving consideration to motivation based on self-determination theory, and using the Safety-II paradigm to change the viewpoint of failure.

1. Rethinking the Angle of Approaching Learners in Difficulties / 医学教育

Supporting learners in difficulties is difficult. It is the responsibility of hospitals, universities and other medical education institutions to respond effectively. Traditionally, there has been a bias against focusing on the learner and a tendency to be persuaded by teachers’ beliefs. However, the factors that can lead to learners having difficulties in education include not only the learners but also the educators and the environment. There are also pedagogical, psychological, and cultural approaches to analyzing each factor. In the future, we would like to suggest that a single supporter have more than one perspective. However, because of the context in which supporters are placed, there is a limit to the number of perspectives that can be taken. Therefore, it is hoped that medical education institutions will be able to provide a support system in which multiple supporters, from multiple positions and with multiple perspectives, can ensure a broad perspective.

Report: Medical Education Cyber Symposium / 医学教育

The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) has significantly impacted medical education and the need to respond to rapidly changing and uncertain situation. In addition, with the decision to hold this year’s annual meeting, it was deemed necessary to have a forum for information sharing and discussion. Therefore, a special committee was formed to organize a cyber-symposium on medical education, and four symposia were held every two weeks, starting May 2020, under the themes of ‘Future Clinical Clerkship’, ‘Examinations’, ‘Post-graduate Education’ and ‘Medical Education with Corona’. This paper reports these symposia and provides an overview and future considerations.

Morbidity and mortality conference established on the basis of residents’ autonomous needs / 医学教育

  Since 2010 we have held morbidity and mortality conferences established on the basis of the needs of residents in the postgraduate training program of Nagano Red Cross Hospital. In addition to teaching about patient safety, we consider the palliating “second victim” effect. Senior residents act as moderators and will gain valuable experience as conference facilitators. Here, we report on the conference because we believe its background is unique. For further improvement, the educational effects of the conference should be analyzed.